To a limited extent sediment extraction also takes place inside the Dutch Wadden Sea Area. It is mainly used for coast replenishment or as fill sand on land. More than 25 million m 3 of sand are extracted within Dutch waters every year (ICES, 2013, 2014 & 2016). Status and trends Extraction of sand and shells The NetherlandsĪmong all countries around the North Sea, the Netherlands extract the greatest amount of sand from marine sediments. Furthermore some critical aspects of these measures concerning the environmental integrity of the Wadden Sea ecosystem and its compartments are described. This report provides a brief overview about the extent and origin of artificial sediment transport within the Wadden Sea area. However, still today a certain amount of marine sediment and is used for several purposes in context of coastal protection, such as beach nourishment or dike and dwelling mound reinforcement (on the Halligen). Over the past decades the effort for sediment extracting steadily decreased within the Wadden Sea. Whereas in former times the material was mainly used for construction of dikes, dwelling mounds and roads, today the main purpose of these activities is the maintenance and deepening of shipping lanes. Dredging and sediment extraction have for long been practiced in the Wadden Sea area.
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